Public utility systems provide the basic services needed for the growth and functioning of a community. Public utility systems include water, sewerage, drainage, gas, electric, telephone and related systems and their attendant facilities.

In Chapter 206E, HRS, the Legislature recognizes that "...The district, if not redeveloped or renewed, has the potential to become a blighted and deteriorated area." The Legislature therefore ordered the redevelopment of the District and stated that "Public facilities within the district shall be planned, located and developed so as to support the redevelopment policies for the district."

In order to carry out the policies of Chapter 206E, the Authority, through its Phase I inventory of existing conditions, found that most of the utility systems within the Mauka Area were installed prior to World War II, when the Mauka Area was basically a residential community with a sprinkling of commercial and industrial activities. It was also found that most of the lines in the utility systems were small and did not conform to the minimum line size standards of the City and County of Honolulu.

During Phase II, the existing systems were analyzed to determine their capacity to accommodate potential development that could occur in the Mauka Area under existing and proposed public policies. It was found that the existing utility systems were inadequate to accommodate the full potential of development.

Therefore, the Authority, through its Phase III and Phase IV activities, re-evaluated and defined improvements to the existing systems needed to accommodate the land uses and density proposed in this plan. The areas of constraint were identified and relief lines were proposed to upgrade the respective utility systems to accommodate the proposed land uses.

This plan proposes to upgrade all existing utility systems to meet anticipated demands. The following policies shall guide the development and improvement of all utility systems.

Utility systems which serve the Mauka Area also serve broader regional systems. Therefore, the overall planning, design, construction, and functioning of the Mauka Area's utility systems shall be coordinated within the context of the respective regional systems and the appropriate City, State, Federal or private agency.

The planning of utilities is directly affected by existing physical conditions and constraints as well as user demand. Conversely, the availability and capacities of utilities directly affect the pace and direction of new development. The utility systems in the Mauka Area shall be sized to meet the demands of proposed land use activities, and the demands of every parcel developed to its maximum potential. Prior to the initiation of any new development, the utilities expected to serve it shall have adequate capacities to meet the needs and demands to be generated and shall be coordinated with the District-Wide Improvement Program of this plan.

Coordinated construction ensures the development of functional public utility and facility systems in a shorter amount of time than that resulting from isolated or piecemeal improvements by individual developer and public agencies.

Therefore, all utility improvements should, to the extent practicable, be coordinated with roadway improvements.

Water, sewerage and drainage systems are maintained and operated by public agencies while telephone, electric and gas systems are operated and maintained by private utility companies. Water, sewerage, drainage, electrical, telephone and communication system improvements shall be implemented either by capital improvement programs or improvement districts. The expanded public rights-of-ways provide sufficient space for all the utility systems. All utilities shall, to the extent practicable, be located underground and shall be designed in accordance with the standards of the City and County of Honolulu and the appropriate utility company as well as established engineering principles. In evaluating the practicability of underground utilities, all major streets or local streets shall have their utilities undergrounded. Utilities on the remaining streets will be undergrounded when determined to be appropriate by the Authority.

Figures 23 to 26, relating to proposed water, sewerage, drainage, and electrical, telephone and communication system improvements are based on general preliminary engineering analyses. The improvements and routes shown may be modified or refined as detailed engineering analyses and designs are performed. Until such detailed engineering designs are completed, infrastructure improvements shall generally follow the guidelines set forth herein.

The Mauka Area's water system is part of the Honolulu Board of Water Supply's (BWS) Honolulu Area Low Service System extending from Red Hill to Makapuu Point. This system's primary water sources are Punanani Wells, Kalauao Wells, Halawa Shaft, and Kaamilo Wells located in the Pearl Harbor District, and Kalihi Shaft, Kalihi Station, Beretania Station, and Wilder Wells Kaimuki Station located in the Honolulu District. Water to the Mauka Area comes primarily from sources located west of the area and is transmitted from pump stations and storage reservoirs, through transmission lines, and distributed through a network of mains and service laterals.

Many existing water lines in the Mauka Area predate the l930s, especially those in the central Mauka Area. About half of these lines are 6" or less in size, significantly less than the BWS's current standard of 8" or larger for distribution mains. By requiring a water supply and distribution based on BWS standards, it will be possible for the Mauka Area to be developed to its maximum potential with adequate domestic water and fire protection capacities. To meet water demands expected from proposed land use activities, the water system shall be upgraded in accordance with the standards of the BWS and the guidelines set forth in the Water System Plan Map (Figure 23).

Approximately 27,000 feet of new water lines will be needed to meet expected consumption and fire protection demands. Development of these lines include improvements such as new fire hydrants, water valves, manholes, and other appurtenances.

Furthermore, additional off-site facilities will need to be developed because present BWS off-site facilities are operating at near capacity. Off-site facilities that need to be developed include new water sources and appurtenances in Punaluu, Kahana Valley or other Windward areas, new transmission mains to convey water from the new wells to the Honolulu district, and a new 4.0 mg. reservoir on Waahila Ridge.

The Mauka Area's sewerage system is part of a regional system extending from Kuliouou to Nuuanu. Sewage from this system flows to the Ala Moana Sewage Pumping Station and then to the Sand Island facility for treatment and disposal. At present, constraints outside the Mauka Area affect the capacity of sewer lines within. Because these constraints affect other areas of the city they should be resolved by concerted public and private sector actions.

Most of the major trunk lines in the Mauka Area are relatively new. However, many of the other existing sewer lines are more than 50 years old. Most existing "local" branch lines are 6" and do not meet the City and County's current minimum standard of 8". To assure development of the Mauka Area to its full potential, based on the planned land uses set forth in this plan, the area's sewerage system shall be upgraded in accordance with the standards of the City and County and the guidelines set forth in the Sewerage System Plan Map (Figure 24).

The Mauka Area's drainage system consists of inlets and lines connected to major trunk lines passing through and serving the area and tributary areas mauka of the Kakaako District. Storm runoff and drainage is by gravity, generally in the mauka-to-makai direction. Most of the major drainlines are located within the major mauka-makai thoroughfares.

The Mauka Area's existing drainage facilities are inadequate to carry storm runoff to the sea as evidenced by the frequent storm floodings within the area. To correct this problem, additional major drains are needed along mauka-makai streets. The needed drainage improvements include new reinforced concrete pipe and box culverts, manholes, catch basins and/or drainage inlets in various parts of the Mauka Area. An effective drainage system, capable of disposing natural and man-made runoff generated by existing and new developments shall be provided in the area. Toward this end, the Mauka Area's drainage system shall be upgraded in accordance with the standards of the City and County and the guidelines set forth in the Drainage System Plan Map (Figure 25).

The primary source of gas for the Honolulu area is Gasco, Inc's. synthetic natural gas manufacturing plant at Barbers Point. Through a network of distribution lines, the gas is transmitted throughout the Mauka Area to individual parcels by service laterals.

A gas line layout is not proposed because such a system would be dependent upon the potential load, number of customers, cost of installation, etc. Customer rates are covered by Rule No. l3 of the Tariff approved by the State Public Utilities Commission.

Gasco, Inc. is responsible for replacement of undersized or deteriorated lines as necessary. The present gas distribution system has been determined by Gasco to be able to meet future demands provided some modifications are performed. Gasco will decide whether to construct service mains to new customers or provide them with containerized gas.

Electricity consumed in the Mauka Area is generated at the Hawaiian Electric Company's (HECO) Honolulu Power Plant at Nimitz Highway and Bishop Street in Honolulu proper. HECO's plants at Waiau or Kahe can also serve the Mauka Area if needed.

The Mauka Area contains three HECO substations. Based on the proposed density of the area, HECO does not anticipate the necessity to install additional substations in the Mauka Area. It is possible to renovate existing substations to accommodate additional transformers. HECO's policy is to increase a system's service capacity only when the need arises or when future loads can be anticipated with reasonable certainty. The electrical system proposed for the Mauka Area requires a minimum of 60,000 additional feet of underground ducts to be located to the extent possible, within the public rights-of-way (Figure 26).

Costs for modifications to the existing substations and costs associated with adding and extending lines from the substation due to increase in loads are to be paid by HECO. The existing overhead and underground facilities that are in conflict with the plan will be removed or relocated to conform to the new layout. New construction cost for conduits and other appurtenances within the public rights-of-way shall be shared depending on the project's funding. The funding shall be shared between the government, HECO, and the property owner or developer.

The property owner or developer will be responsible for HECO's service charges to individual lots.

Hawaiian Telephone Company (HTCO) owns and operates the Mauka Area's telephone system. Existing [trunklines] trunk lines are routed in underground raceways and overhead lines.

A minimum of 43,000 feet of underground conduits need to be installed. These will be constructed within the public rights-of-way (Figure 26). Cost for additional lines and facilities to the area will be shared by HTCO, the public sector, and the property owner or developer. Individual HTCO service costs to the customer or developer will be borne by HTCO and the customer.

A minimum of 43,000 feet of conduits are required to service the projected increase in population within the Mauka Area. Cost for additional transmission lines to the area required for normal growth is the responsibility of the CATV's contractor, Oceanic Cablevision.

Service cost of buildings or projects is the responsibility of Oceanic Cablevision. Final connection service to the system within a project will be the responsibility of the owner, tenant, or developer.

The proposed Community Antenna Television System (CATV) for the Mauka Area shall, to the extent practicable, be installed in underground raceways.

The raceways shall be constructed within the public rights-of-way.

Street lights are located throughout the Mauka Area along public roadways. The street lighting system is owned and maintained by the City and County of Honolulu with existing lines routed in underground raceways and overhead on wood poles. In order to make the Mauka Area both safe and attractive, street lights shall be installed as a part of all new and improved roadways (Figure 26). These facilities shall be constructed within the public rights-of-way.

Traffic signalizations are presently located along the existing major roadways. These facilities are owned, operated and maintained by the City and County of Honolulu or State of Hawaii. Signal systems shall be added at the intersections of new major roadways as required by improvements and as approved by the appropriate City and State agencies.